囧次元动漫 https://www.9ciyuan.com/

看了HBO的罗马食髓知味，还跑去找了BBC和PBS的罗马片子解馋。
　　还down了TTC的课程，不过太长了没有功力听完，放硬盘里摆个样子。
　　
　　常常涉及到的一些词，贴过来大家看看。
　　
　　
　　罗马官员及其职责
　　Roman Officials and their Duties
　　
　　执政官
　　Consul
　　
　　对抗专制的守护者、担任旧时国王的管理责任 – 军事战役的指挥、公众金融的管理，还有立法的控制 – 通常由元老院在每年年初，从贵族阶层中推派两人为执政官，以一年轮流制为准则。在紧急的时刻，其中一人会被任命为权力无上限（如同帝权）的‘独裁官’，并且不需对元老院和人民解释负责。
　　
　　As a safeguard against despotism, the former administrative duties of the king-the conduct of military campaigns, the management of public finance, and the control of legislation-were distributed at the beginning of each year between two men, usually elected by the Senate from the patrician class, who served on an annual, rotating basis. In time of emergency, one of the consuls might be named "Dictator" with unlimited powers (known as "imperium") and no accountability either to the Senate or the People.
　　
　　总督
　　Proconsul
　　
　　在执政权任期内，总督是罗马以外治理行省的最高权力。
　　
　　In the year following his term of consulship, the proconsul held imperial authority outside of Rome in whichever province he was assigned to govern.
　　
　　保民官
　　Tribunus
　　
　　为了反制平衡贵族的执政权力，平民设置了保民官的职位。保民官是由公民大会从氏族中选举，对抗这些滥权的元老和执政官以保护人民。保民官享有极崇高的地位，个人上高于法律。
　　
　　To counter-balance the consular powers of the Patricians, the Plebians created the office of tribune, elected by the popular assembly from among the tribes to protect the people from perceived abuses of authority by the Senate and the consuls. Tribunes enjoyed sancrosanct status and were personally above the law.
　　
　　执法官
　　Praetor
　　
　　执行正义和仲裁纠纷的当地官员；派任在罗马境内的称为市区执法官，罗马外的称为外地执法官。
　　
　　The local official responsible for administering justice and arbitrating disputes was called praetor urbanus when he was assigned in Rome and praetor peregrinus when outside of Rome.
　　
　　监察官
　　Censor
　　
　　高阶级的职位，只交托给曾担任过执政官的人，其监察职责包括跟人口和税赋管理有关的金融与会计。
　　
　　An office of high rank, entrusted only to men who had previously served as consuls, the censorship encompassed financial and accounting responsibilities related to taxation and population management.
　　
　　财务官
　　Quaestor
　　
　　财务官从事财政部门的服务。
　　
　　The quaestor served in the ministry of finance.
　　
　　营造官
　　Aedile
　　
　　营造官负责本地的治安守卫、公共市场的监督、剧院表演的制作，和神殿的照料与维修。
　　
　　The curial aedile was responsible for local police protection, the oversight of public markets, the production of theatrical performances, and for the care and upkeep of the temples.
　　
　　行政官
　　Magistrate
　　
　　‘行政官’的头衔通常指服务一年以上，从执政官到财务官的公共官员。行政官职通常被认为是进入元老院的必要先决条件。
　　
　　The title of "magistrate" referred generally to any public official, who served on an annual basis, from the consul all the way down to the position of quaestor. The magistracy was usually considered a necessary precondition for entry into the Roman Senate.
　　
　　罗马社会的阶级制度
　　Classifications of Roman Society
　　
　　元老院
　　Senatus
　　
　　罗马的立法组织，由社会中的最高阶层份子组成，其职责有通过法令、选出执政官，并且监督公共管理的营运。通常元老院的人数上限为300名，但在不同的时期，独裁官可采用个人的拥护者，将人数增加至600名。
　　
　　The legislative body, composed of the highest ranking members of Roman society, passed laws, elected consuls, and oversaw the operations of public administration. Usually the Senate was limited to 300 members, but at various times, dictators were able to swell the numbers up to 600 with their personal supporters.
　　
　　氏族
　　Tribus
　　
　　为了税赋与公共管理的目的，罗马民众依居住地区分为世袭的氏族；城市内分成4个氏族，在城市外围地区则分成17个。
　　
　　The Roman populace was divided, for the purpose of taxation and public administration, into hereditary tribus or tribes according to residential district, 4 tribes being drawn from locations within the city, 17 from the outlying areas.
　　
　　百人大会
　　Comitia Centuriata
　　
　　百人大会原针对军事目的，在不同的五个阶级中，将罗马民众组织成百名战士一队（称做百人队）的团体，总数为193队：18队百人骑兵队、80队重装步兵团、90队轻装步兵团、4队工匠跟乐师、和1队无产民兵团。当半数47到60岁男性组成的百人队在后方防守城市时，另一半由46岁以下男性组成的百人队则在外地战斗。
　　
　　The Assembly of the Centuries organized the Roman populace for military purposes into groups of 100 fighting-men (called "centuriae") in each of 5 different categories (called "classes") for a total of 193 centuries altogether: 18 equestrian centuries, 80 heavy infantry, 90 light infantry, 4 artisans and musicians, and 1 of unpropertied soldiers. Half of the centuries consisted of men up to the age of 46 who fought in the field while the other half was composed of men between 47 and 60 who remained behind to defend the City.
　　
　　贵族
　　Patrician
　　
　　旧时的罗马世家，大部分是那些祖先在过去曾经担任过执政官身份的人。元老院中的成员最后多半成为贵族。
　　
　　The established nobility consisted of a select number of old Roman families, most of whose ancestors had held consular authority in former times. The majority of Senators continued to be Patricians.
　　
　　公民
　　Plebeian
　　
　　任何非贵族阶级的成员，包括许多新近成为贵族、富人、具影响力的人，都被视为平民。
　　
　　Anyone who was not a member of the Patrician class, including many of the recent nobility, the wealthy and the influential, was considered to be a commoner.
　　
　　自由民
　　Freeman
　　
　　任何解除奴隶身份、可获准参与公众生活的个人或家庭。
　　
　　Any person who had been freed from slavery or whose family had been freed from slavery was permitted to participate in public life.